Banca de DEFESA: ABRAÃO RODRIGUES DE ALMEIDA

ALTERNATIVE MANAGEMENT OF PATHOGENS IN COMMON BEAN SEEDS DURING STORAGE

Phaseolus vulgaris L.; Phytopathogens; Seed pathology; Alternative treatments; Vegetable powders

The Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important cultivated species of the Fabaceae family, mainly for family farmers in developing countries, as it is an important source of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. However, in order to be successful in its production, it is necessary to use seeds with good sanitary quality, since seeds are vehicles for the dissemination of phytopathogens, mainly fungal pathogens, which can directly cause damage to seeds and seedlings, and the its consumption can affect human health. For this reason, it is essential to pre-treat the seeds for planting or during storage. In this sense, there are efforts to search for alternative treatments for these seeds that avoid the use of synthetic chemicals and that are efficient, safe and cheap. Thus, he objective of this work is to evaluate management strategies and alternatives for controlling pathogens in common bean seeds, as well as the potential of vegetable powders in the management of fungal pathogens in common bean creole seeds during storage. To analyze management strategies and alternatives for controlling pathogens in seeds, a narrative literature review was carried out with a selection of 17 scientific articles. Among the seed treatments analyzed in these articles, synthetic chemicals are the most efficient, but represent risks and, therefore, alternative solutions for seed treatment have been explored in physical, natural and biological control. Of the articles studied, 35.29% used biological control, 17.65% used control with natural agents, 11.76% used physical control and the others corresponded to 5.88% each. About 72.22% of the publications are related to the control of fungal pathogens, 16.67% to the control of bacteria and only 11.11% to the control of viruses. Of these treatments, 94.12% were effective and only 5.88% were unsuccessful in controlling. In order to evaluate the effect of vegetable powders for the control of fungal pathogens in creole common bean seeds during storage, studies were carried out at the UFAPE Laboratory of Phytopathology with creole seeds of coffee bean, mulatto bean, milk bean and common bean-black belonging to family farmers in the municipality of São João. The samples were collected, evaluated for their sanitary and physiological quality and stored for 180 days, with different treatments: powdered mastic leaves, mulungu, catingueira, commercial fungicide and untreated (control). At 90 and 180 days, they had their sanitary and physiological quality evaluated again. Data were subjected to analysis of variance by Tukey's test at 5% probability. For the qualitative factors, they were submitted to the analysis of comparison of means and the quantitative ones to the analysis of linear regression, in addition to the analysis of principal components (PCA). There was an increase in water content in the four varieties during storage. There was a reduction in the incidence of Penicillium spp. in mulatinho and black bean seeds stored with mulungu powders. Mulungu, catingueira and mastic powders had a fungicidal effect on Aspergillus spp. in coffee bean, mulatinho and milk seeds. Vegetable powders were not efficient in controlling Botrytis sp. and did not influence the reduction in the incidence of Colletotrichum spp., Rhizoctonia sp. and Phomopsis sp. Aroeira, mulungu and catingueira powders positively influenced some varieties in CPA, MVR, MVPA, MSR and MSPA. When analyzing all the data simultaneously, it was verified that there was a difference between the landraces varieties in terms of sanitary and physiological quality, but there was no difference between the seeds treated with vegetable powders, those treated with fungicide and those not treated. Therefore, more studies are needed.